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Learn Japanese · JLPT N5

Katakana chart — basic, dakuten, youon and extended, with Hindi

The 46 basic katakana, dakuten and handakuten, the 33 youon, and the extended combinations Japanese uses only for loanwords — with romaji and the nearest Hindi sound.

Basic · 46

AIUEO
アaअイiइウuउエeएオoओ
カkaकाキkiकिクkuकुケkeकेコkoको
サsaसाシshiशिスsuसुセseसेソsoसो
タtaताチchiचिツtsuत्सुテteतेトtoतो
ナnaनाニniनिヌnuनुネneनेノnoनो
ハhaहाヒhiहिフfuफ़ुヘheहेホhoहो
マmaमाミmiमिムmuमुメmeमेモmoमो
ヤyaयाユyuयुヨyoयो
ラraराリriरिルruरुレreरेロroरो
ワwaवाンnन्ヲwoओ

Dakuten · 20

AIUEO
ガgaगाギgiगिグguगुゲgeगेゴgoगो
ザzaज़ाジjiजिズzuज़ुゼzeज़ेゾzoज़ो
ダdaदाヂjiजिヅzuज़ुデdeदेドdoदो
バbaबाビbiबिブbuबुベbeबेボboबो

Handakuten · 5

AIUEO
パpaपाピpiपिプpuपुペpeपेポpoपो

Youon · 33

YAYUYO
キャkyaक्याキュkyuक्युキョkyoक्यो
シャshaशाシュshuशुショshoशो
チャchaचाチュchuचुチョchoचो
ニャnyaन्याニュnyuन्युニョnyoन्यो
ヒャhyaह्याヒュhyuह्युヒョhyoह्यो
ミャmyaम्याミュmyuम्युミョmyoम्यो
リャryaर्याリュryuर्युリョryoर्यो
ギャgyaग्याギュgyuग्युギョgyoग्यो
ジャjaजाジュjuजुジョjoजो
ビャbyaब्याビュbyuब्युビョbyoब्यो
ピャpyaप्याピュpyuप्युピョpyoप्यो

The long dash ー

Katakana marks a long vowel with a bar. コーヒー koohii · ラーメン raamen · スーパー suupaa.

Two pairs people confuse forever

シ shi and ツ tsu · ソ so and ン n. シ and ン sweep in from the left; ツ and ソ come down from the top.

Extended katakana (loanwords)

AIUEO
イイィyiयिイェyeये
ウウァwaवाウィwiविウゥwuवुウェweवेウォwoवो
ヴヴァvaवाヴィviविヴvuवुヴェveवेヴォvoवो
フファfaफ़ाフィfiफ़िフェfeफ़ेフォfoफ़ो
テティtiतिトゥtuतु
デディdiदिドゥduदु
チチェcheचे
シシェsheशे
ジジェjeजे
ツツァtsaत्साツィtsiत्सिツェtseत्सेツォtsoत्सो
ススィsiसि
ズズィziज़ि
ククァkwaक्वाクィkwiक्विクェkweक्वेクォkwoक्वो
ググァgwaग्वाグェgweग्वेグォgwoग्वो

Also: ニェ nye · ヒェ hye · ビェ bye.

Combinations invented for sounds Japanese does not natively have. They exist only in katakana, and loanwords use them constantly.

The shaded cells are the ones that matter. ファ・フィ・フェ・フォ・ティ・ディ・ウィ・ウェ・ウォ・チェ・シェ・ジェ appear in everyday loanwords — ファン fan, パーティー paatii, ウェブ webu, チェック chekku, ジェット jetto. The rest are rare, used mostly for foreign names.

ヴ is written more than it is said. It renders a foreign v, but Japanese usually prefers the b-row: violin is バイオリン, not ヴァイオリン. Read it when you meet it; do not go out of your way to write it.

Questions

What is katakana used for?

Loanwords and foreign names (テレビ terebi, TV; インド Indo, India), sound effects, and emphasis. Japanese words and grammar are written in hiragana and kanji.

What does the long dash ー mean in katakana?

It makes the vowel before it long: コーヒー koohii (coffee), ラーメン raamen. Hiragana lengthens vowels with another kana instead.

Which katakana are easy to confuse?

シ shi and ツ tsu, and ソ so and ン n. シ and ン are written with strokes that sweep in from the left; ツ and ソ come down from the top.

What is extended katakana?

Combinations made for sounds Japanese does not have natively, such as ファ fa, ティ ti, ディ di, ウィ wi and チェ che. They exist only in katakana and appear in everyday loanwords like ファン fan and パーティー paatii (party).

Do I need katakana for JLPT N5?

Yes. N5 vocabulary includes many katakana words — テレビ, コーヒー, パン, ノート — and the exam writes them in katakana.

More free JLPT N5 pages